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Operation Eikonal
Operation Eikonal is a collaboration between the National Security Agency and Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) for the sharing of telephony and internet data captured in Germany.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BND übermittelte Daten deutscher Bürger an NSA )〕 It is based on an agreement that dates to 2002,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pilz: Berlin genehmigte NSA-Spionage gegen Österreich )〕 and is part of the NSA operation "RAMPART-A". Surveillance started in 2003, telephony data was collected from 2004 onwards, and all internet traffic from the Deutsche Telekom (DT) switching center in Frankfurt was captured starting in 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Operation Eikonal: Daten deutscher Bürger gingen von 2004 bis 2008 an die NSA - Golem.de )〕
To obtain the data, the BND and Deutsche Telekom worked together. The agents rented two rooms in the Deutsche Telekom data center in Frankfurt where the fiberglass data cable owned by DT was spliced into and a copy of the data was captured. Deutsche Telekom received 6000 Euros monthly for its role in giving access to data.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eikonal: Der kalkulierte Grundrechtsbruch der Bundesregierung – Wie der BND der NSA Zugang zum Internetknoten DE-CIX schenkte )〕
A filtering program named ''Dafis'' was used to prevent the sharing of data from German citizens; however, that filter was estimated to be only 95% effective, meaning that 5% of data was obtained in breach of Germany's constitution (''Grundgesetz'').〔 Later, during Parliamentary hearings conducted on November 6, 2014, one witness claimed that the 95% figure was only correct for the initial testing and that during operation, 99% of data from German citizens was filtered out. [〕]
In January 2006, the Bad Aibling branch of the Bundesnachrichtendienst reported to its headquarters in Pullach that the "selectors" (search terms) used by the National Security Agency (NSA) under the programme included some terms targeting the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company and the Eurocopter project〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BND und NSA: Die Chronologie des Spionageskandals - Politik - Tagesspiegel )〕 as well as French administration.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wie die NSA europäische Unternehmen ausspionierte )〕 These selectors were first noticed by BND employees in 2005.〔 Other selectors were found to target the administration of Austria.
Information on Operation Eikonal was first unveiled by Süddeutsche Zeitung, Norddeutscher Rundfunk and Westdeutscher Rundfunk on October 3, 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zusammenarbeit zweier Geheimdienste: Codename "Eikonal" - tagesschau.de )〕 Although some documents suggested that the operation had been completed in 2008,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Geheimdienstkoordinator bedauert, dass Eikonal-Dokumente geleakt wurden. Die dokumentierten Grundrechtsverletzungen bedauert er leider nicht. )〕 it was revealed that in December 2012, there were still transfers of 500 million metadata per month being made. Of these 500 million datasets, 180 million were captured using XKeyscore.
Austrian member of parliament Peter Pilz described the operation as "the first successful attempt at mass surveillance of European telecommunications".〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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